Acute transcriptional response (mouse)
Reported within hours of a single 25 mg/kg dose in the Billon 2023 study.
Protocol / Research Dosing Guide
SLU-PP-332 Dosage Guide: Mouse Evidence, Reconstitution and Safety Boundaries
An evidence-organized SLU-PP-332 reference that keeps published murine ERR-agonist data separate from the oral tablet and injectable patterns circulated by research suppliers.
Last reviewed September 16, 202617 minute readResearch information only
Level 1 — Preclinical (mouse) evidence onlyNot a peptide despite common labelingNo published human trial
SLU-PP-332 Quick Start
SLU-PP-332 is a benzohydrazide-scaffold small molecule that activates all three estrogen-related receptors, most potently ERRα. It reproduces many transcriptional effects of endurance exercise in mouse muscle, fat, and heart tissue. Despite being marketed and labeled as a peptide by many suppliers, it is not a peptide. Every published in-vivo dose is a mouse dose; there is no human titration schedule, pharmacokinetic study, or safety margin.
Why researchers care
Mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise-mimetic metabolic research
Class
Synthetic small-molecule pan-agonist of estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ); not a peptide
Route reported
Intraperitoneal injection in published mouse studies; oral tablets and injectable vials are sold for research use
Cycle length
28-day dosing was used in the cited mouse studies; no human cycle is established
Regulatory status
Not FDA approved; no registered or completed human clinical trial identified as of the source review date
Loading supplier information
SLU-PP-332 Dosing Protocol and Schedule
The supplied source reports mouse intraperitoneal doses of 25 mg/kg (single dose) and 50 mg/kg twice daily for 28 days from the Billon 2023 study, alongside community oral tablet patterns ranging from a low-dose micro-dose to a 100 mg (2-tablet) pattern, and a human-equivalent-dose extrapolation ceiling of about 650 mg/day that it explicitly frames as not a recommendation.
| Phase or study | Amount | Frequency / evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Single-dose mouse study | 25 mg/kg intraperitoneal, one dose | Animal research (Billon 2023) |
| Repeated-dose mouse study | 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal, twice daily for 28 days | Animal research (Billon 2023) |
| Community oral low-dose pattern | ≤1.5 mg once daily | Community reported |
| Community oral mid-dose pattern | 25 mg (half tablet) once daily | Community reported |
| Community oral standard pattern | 50 mg (one tablet) once daily | Community reported, anchored to supplier tablet strength |
| Community oral higher pattern | 100 mg (two tablets) once or split twice daily | Community reported, informal |
| HED extrapolation ceiling | ~650 mg/day | Allometric scaling exercise only; not a recommendation |
No dose column above is a human clinical dose. The mouse figures are the only dose-response data with a published source; the oral tablet figures are supplier and community conventions with no controlled human trial behind them, and the extrapolation ceiling exists only to illustrate the gap between mouse-scaled and marketed amounts.
SLU-PP-332 Supplies Needed
Neutral research-material planning only. This does not establish an appropriate amount or route.
Research planning item
Exact labeled research vial or tablet bottle
Research planning item
Bacteriostatic water at a measured volume (vial route only)
Research planning item
U-100 insulin syringes (vial route only)
Research planning item
Alcohol prep swabs (vial route only)
Research planning item
Sharps container (vial route only)
Research planning item
Written concentration label with the preparation date
SLU-PP-332 Reconstitution Calculator
Vial-format concentration math
Concentration
2.5 mg/mL
Draw volume
0.2 mL
U-100 units
20
Mathematical draws
10
Arithmetic only. The entered amount is not a recommendation and does not establish suitability.
Best Time to Take SLU-PP-332: Morning or Night?
Morning or evening?
Community oral protocols commonly report morning dosing, citing circadian metabolic effects; this is not established by a human study.
Once daily or split?
Mouse studies used twice-daily intraperitoneal dosing; community oral reports are typically once daily.
With food?
Not established for humans.
Missed amount?
No published human half-life exists, so no validated missed-dose rule exists; community practice is reported as skipping a missed dose.
SLU-PP-332 Route Comparison
| Format | What is reported | Evidence limit |
|---|---|---|
| Oral tablet | 50 mg tablets, commonly sold in 60-count bottles | The most common consumer-research format; no published human bioavailability or dosing study |
| Injectable vial (5 mg or 10 mg) | Reconstituted for research use | Mirrors the intraperitoneal route used in mouse studies but has no human data |
| Route conversion | Not established | Mouse intraperitoneal exposure cannot be converted into a human oral or injectable dose |
Routes and amounts are not interchangeable unless a verified study explicitly establishes a conversion.
SLU-PP-332 Half-Life and Dosing Frequency
| Measure | Finding | Evidence limit |
|---|---|---|
| Human half-life | Not established | No human pharmacokinetic study identified |
| Animal half-life | Not established as a specific figure in the sources reviewed | Dosing frequency (twice daily) in mouse studies is a study design choice, not a stated half-life |
| Oral bioavailability in humans | Not formally published | Explicit evidence gap noted in the source |
| ERR receptor potency | ERRα EC50 approximately 98 nM; ERRγ EC50 approximately 430 nM in cell assays | In-vitro potency data, not a human dosing guide |
SLU-PP-332 Dosage Chart
| Route | Amount | Frequency | Source | Human validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intraperitoneal (mouse) | 25 mg/kg | Single dose | Animal research | Acute aerobic transcriptional signature reported |
| Intraperitoneal (mouse) | 50 mg/kg | Twice daily for 28 days | Animal research | Metabolic and mitochondrial changes reported |
| Oral (human, unvalidated) | 50 mg | Once daily | Community/supplier convention | No |
| Oral (human, unvalidated) | 100 mg | Once or split twice daily | Community convention | No |
Published study values describe those studies. Community-reported values are not validated dosing recommendations.
SLU-PP-332 Reconstitution Guide
Concentration: 2.5 mg/mL
| Entered amount | Volume | U-100 units |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 mg | 0.2 mL | 20 units |
| 1 mg | 0.4 mL | 40 units |
| 1.5 mg | 0.6 mL | 60 units |
- 1.Confirm the exact quantity printed on the vial label.
- 2.Choose and record the measured bacteriostatic water volume.
- 3.Clean the vial stopper with an alcohol swab.
- 4.Add the liquid slowly down the vial wall.
- 5.Swirl gently until clear; never shake.
- 6.Inspect for cloudiness, discoloration, or particles and discard anything that is not clear.
- 7.Label the vial with the calculated concentration and preparation date.
- 8.Use only the calculated concentration for syringe unit arithmetic; tablet dosing does not require reconstitution.
Reconstitution does not establish identity, purity, sterility, stability, or an appropriate amount.
How SLU-PP-332 Works
Receptor target
SLU-PP-332 is a pan-agonist of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, nuclear receptors upstream of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.
SLU-PP-332 Human Trials and FDA Status
Current status · verified September 16, 2026
Not FDA approved; no registered or completed human clinical trial identified as of the source review date
- Billon et al. 2023 reported that a single 25 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose induced an acute aerobic exercise transcriptional signature in mouse muscle within hours.
- The same study reported that 50 mg/kg twice daily for 28 days increased oxidative muscle fiber markers and OXPHOS complex protein levels in mice.
- In diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice, 50 mg/kg twice daily for 28 days increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation and reduced fat mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance without changing food intake.
- A separate mouse pressure-overload heart-failure model reported improved ejection fraction, reduced fibrosis, and increased survival over six weeks, attributed mainly to ERRγ.
- No registered or completed human clinical trial of SLU-PP-332 was identified as of the source review date.
Who Should Avoid SLU-PP-332?
This is an evidence-gap and precaution list, not an approved prescribing label.
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
No safety data
Children or adolescents
No safety data
Cardiac disease without clinician oversight
Cardiac ERRγ effects are drawn only from a mouse heart-failure model
Hormone-sensitive conditions
Estrogen-related receptor agonism is a novel mechanism with no human safety characterization
Reliance on it to replace exercise-based bone, tendon, or connective-tissue adaptation
The source states it does not reproduce mechanical-loading adaptations
Any human dosing decision based on the HED extrapolation figure
Explicitly presented as illustrative, not a safety-validated amount
SLU-PP-332 Side Effects, Risks and Safety
Human adverse effect profileNot established
Important limitation: No human trial safety database exists.
Mouse study tolerabilityReported as tolerated at studied doses
Important limitation: Does not establish human safety.
Off-target ERR effects in non-muscle tissueTheoretical
Important limitation: Receptors are expressed broadly, including liver and heart.
Long-term human safetyUnknown
Important limitation: No human follow-up data.
Drug interactionsUnknown
Important limitation: No interaction studies.
Product identity and purity of research-sold tablets/vialsUnverified
Important limitation: No independent regulatory oversight of these products.
SLU-PP-332 Timeline and Monitoring
Metabolic and mitochondrial changes (mouse)
Reported after 28 days of twice-daily 50 mg/kg dosing.
Cardiac outcome (mouse)
Reported after six weeks in a heart-failure model.
Human timeline
Not established; no human trial has measured onset or duration of effect.
SLU-PP-332 Benefits and Results: What the Evidence Shows
| Claim | Evidence level | What research shows | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerobic/mitochondrial gene signature induction | Animal research | Billon et al. 2023 mouse study | Not shown in humans |
| Fat mass and metabolic marker improvement | Animal research | Diet-induced obese and ob/ob mouse models | Not shown in humans |
| Cardiac function improvement in heart failure | Animal research | Mouse pressure-overload model | Not shown in humans; not a treatment claim |
| Human endurance performance or fat loss | Not established | Extrapolated from mouse data and marketed as an exercise mimetic | No human trial support |
SLU-PP-332 Storage and Handling
Oral tablets
Follow the supplier label; no independent stability study was identified.
Lyophilized injectable vial
Refrigerated or frozen per the supplier label; no independent stability study was identified.
Prepared vial
No validated compound-specific prepared-vial stability duration was identified.
Appearance
A clear solution is expected for the reconstituted vial; cloudiness or particles mean discard.
SLU-PP-332 Troubleshooting
Confusing mouse mg/kg doses with a human dose
Mouse intraperitoneal doses cannot be directly applied to a human oral or injectable amount.
Solution appears cloudy
Discard it; do not inject.
Calculated syringe units look wrong
Recheck vial quantity, diluent volume, and target amount arithmetic.
Tablet dose greatly exceeds community patterns
There is no controlled human data at any oral dose; higher is not established as more effective or safer.
A scheduled amount is missed
No validated missed-dose procedure exists because human half-life is not published.
SLU-PP-332 Comparisons
| Compound | Class or mechanism | Evidence | FDA status |
|---|---|---|---|
| SLU-PP-332 | Small-molecule pan-ERR agonist, not a peptide | Preclinical mouse studies only | No human trial |
| MOTS-c | Mitochondrial-derived peptide | Preclinical and early human-relevant research | Different mechanism and molecule class |
| AOD-9604 | Modified fragment of human growth hormone | Preclinical and limited human trial history | Different mechanism and molecule class |
| Semaglutide | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Multiple FDA-approved human trials | Appetite-suppression mechanism, unlike SLU-PP-332's metabolic-rate mechanism |
SLU-PP-332 Frequently Asked Questions
What is SLU-PP-332?
A synthetic small-molecule pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, often marketed as an exercise mimetic.
Is SLU-PP-332 a peptide?
No. It is a small organic molecule on a benzohydrazide scaffold, despite common 'peptide' labeling by sellers.
Is it FDA approved?
No, and no registered or completed human clinical trial was identified as of the source review date.
What doses have actually been studied?
Only mouse intraperitoneal doses: a single 25 mg/kg dose and 50 mg/kg twice daily for 28 days in the cited Billon 2023 study.
Can the mouse dose be scaled to a human dose?
Not reliably. The source presents an allometric extrapolation only to show the gap with marketed tablet doses, not as a recommendation.
What are the oral tablet patterns sold by suppliers?
Commonly 50 mg tablets, with community patterns ranging from a low-dose micro-dose up to 100 mg per day; none are backed by a human trial.
What is its half-life?
Not established; human pharmacokinetics have not been published.
What effects were seen in mouse studies?
An acute aerobic transcriptional signature in muscle, increased mitochondrial markers, reduced fat mass, and improved cardiac function in a heart-failure model.
Does it replace exercise?
No. The source states it does not reproduce the mechanical loading effects of actual exercise on tendon, bone, and connective tissue.
Is long-term human safety known?
No. There is no human safety database at any dose.
What does the calculator do?
It converts entered vial and liquid values into concentration and syringe-unit arithmetic only; it does not establish a dose.
Sources and Research
Coverage source
1. SLU-PP-332 protocol coverage source
Oral tablet and injectable community patterns, reconstitution math, and page coverage; not primary evidence.
Open direct sourceAnimal research
2. Billon C et al., synthetic ERR agonist induces an exercise-mimetic transcriptional program
Mouse study establishing acute and 28-day intraperitoneal dosing effects on muscle and metabolism.
Open direct sourceAnimal research
3. SLU-PP-332 improves cardiac function in a pressure-overload heart failure mouse model
Mouse heart-failure study attributing benefit mainly to ERRγ engagement.
Open direct sourceLaboratory and review
4. Estrogen-related receptors as pharmacological targets for mitochondrial disease and exercise mimicry
Review context on ERR biology and small-molecule agonist development including SLU-PP-332.
Open direct sourceMissing information flagged for review
- Human clinical trial of any kind: Not established
- Human pharmacokinetics and half-life: Not established
- Human oral bioavailability: Not established
- Validated human dosing schedule: Not established
- Long-term human safety data: Not established
- Independent verification of research-sold tablet and vial content: Not established